Bibliography

Manuscript and Archival Sources

“Academy Building.” n.d. Building Series, Special Collections and Archives, Henry M. Seymour Library, Knox College, Galesburg, IL.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Alexander James Dallas to Andrew Jackson, June 12, 1815.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj005737/. 

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Andrew Jackson, May 29, 1820.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj009496/. 

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Andrew Jackson to Capt. Richard Keith Call, 1818.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj025648/.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Andrew Jackson to James Monroe, August 19, 1818.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj008221/. 

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Andrew Jackson to James Monroe, January 6, 1818.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj007632/. 

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Andrew Jackson to James Monroe, November 12, 1816.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj006961/. 

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Andrew Jackson to John Coffee, August 10, 1814.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj024015/. 

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Andrew Jackson to Thomas Pinckney, May 18, 1814.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj003002/.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Benjamin Hawkins to Andrew Jackson, May 5, 1815.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj005586/. 

Alabama Department of Archives and History. “Deposition by Sam Manac, a Plantation Owner in Alabama and ‘a Warrior of the Creek Nation.,’” August 2, 1813. https://digital.archives.alabama.gov/digital/collection/voices/id/3702. 

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Edmund Pendleton Gaines to Alexander James Dallas, May 14, 1815.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj005600/.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Edmund Pendleton Gaines to Andrew Jackson, September 24, 1820.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj009621/. 

Holyoke, Samuel. “Log City Sketch,” 1910. Local History Series. Special Collections and Archives, Henry M. Seymour Library, Knox College, Galesburg, IL.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “James Madison to Richard Rush, November 20, 1821.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/mjm018956/.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Jesse Wharton to Andrew Jackson, February 16, 1815.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj005119/.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “John Caldwell Calhoun to Andrew Jackson, December 26, 1817.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj007603/.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Joseph McMinn, September 2, 1816.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj006829/.

“Knox Female Seminary.” n.d. Building Series, Special Collections and Archives, Henry M. Seymour Library, Knox College Galesburg IL.

“Southwest View of Oneida Institute, Whitestown,” 1833. Special Collections and Archives, Henry M. Seymour Library, Knox College, Galesburg, IL.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “U. S. Commissioners to George Graham, July 8, 1817.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj007391/.

Whitney, Eli. “Eli Whitney Cotton Gin Contract,” 1807. Governor John Sevier Papers. Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville, TN.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Willie Blount to Andrew Jackson, August 14, 1813.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/maj001848/.

U.S. National Archives Catalog. “Ratified Indian Treaty 23: Wyandot, Delaware, Shawnee, Ottawa, Chippewa, Potawatomi, Eel River, Wea, Kickapoo, Piankashaw, and Kaskaskia - Greenville, August 3, 1795,” 1795. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/170281462.

U.S. National Archives Catalog. “Ratified Indian Treaty 38: Kaskaskia - Vincennes, August 13, 1803,” 1803. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/172679828. 

U.S. National Archives Catalog. “Ratified Indian Treaty 82: Ottawa, Chippewa, and Potawatomi - St. Louis, August 24, 1816,” 1816. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/170281487.

U.S. National Archives Catalog. “Ratified Indian Treaty 99: Tribes of the Illinois Nation (Peoria, Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Tamaroa, and Cahokia) - Edwardsville, Illinois Territory, September 25, 1818,” 1818. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/163545480.

U.S. National Archives Catalog. “Ratified Indian Treaty 107: Kickapoo - Edwardsville, Illinois, July 30, 1819,” 1819. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/100651954.

U.S. National Archives Catalog. “Ratified Indian Treaty 108: Kickapoo of the Vermilion - Fort Harrison, Indiana, August 30, 1819,” 1819. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/167222384.

“Ratified Indian Treaty 234: Miami - Forks of the Wabash, Indiana, November 6, 1838.” U.S. National Archives Catalog, 1838. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/187789298.

U.S. National Archives Catalog. “Ratified Indian Treaty 273: Kaskaskia, Peoria, Piankeshaw and Wea - Washington, DC, May 30, 1854,” 1854. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/169606641.

U.S. National Archives Catalog. “Treaty Between the United States and the United Chippewa, Ottawa and Potawatomi Indians Signed at Chicago, Illinois,” 1833. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155390893.

Nation to Nation: Treaties Between the United States and American Indian Nations. “Treaty of Fort Jackson, 1814.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://americanindian.si.edu/nationtonation/treaty-fort-jackson.htm.

Published Primary Sources: General

Act of May 28, 1830, ch. 148, 411. U.S. Statutes at Large. Accessed May 27, 2021. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=004%2Fllsl004.db&recNum=458. 

A Treaty of Peace and Amity between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America: Signed at Ghent, December 24, 1814. London, 1815. https://archive.org/details/treatyofpeaceami00unse.

Avalon Project. “Treaty of Amity, Settlement, and Limits Between the United States of America and His Catholic Majesty. 1819.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/sp1819.asp.

“Barnabas Root,” Galesburg Republican, July 2, 1870. Accessed May 27. 2021. https://collections.carli.illinois.edu/digital/collection/knx_strug/id/231/rec/3

Beckwith, H.W., ed. Collections of the Illinois State Historical Society. Vol. 1. 38 vols. Springfield, IL: H.W. Rokker, 1903.

Black Hawk. Life of Black Hawk, or Ma-Ka-Tai-Me-She-Kia-Kiak. Dictated by Himself. Edited by J. Gerald Kennedy. Penguin Classics. New York: Penguin, 2008.

Buck, Solon Justus. Illinois in 1818. Second Edition. Illinois Centennial Publications 1. Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co., 1918.

Chief’s Home at the Forks of the Wabash. n.d. Photo. Accessed May 20, 2021. https://indianamemory.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16066coll13/id/4475

Dana, Edmund P. A Description of the Bounty Lands in the State of Illinois: Also, the Principal Roads and Routes, by Land and Water, through the Territory of the United States; Extending from the Province of New-Brunswic [sic], in Nova Scotia, to the Pacific Ocean. Cincinnati: Looker, Reynolds & Co., 1819.

Digital Collections, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville Libraries. “Constitution of the Cherokee Nation, 1827 Jul. 24, New Town Echota.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://digital.lib.utk.edu/collections/islandora/object/volvoices:13651.

Edwards, Ninian W. History of Illinois, from 1778-1833: And Life and Times of Ninian Edwards. Springfield, IL: Illinois State Journal Company, 1870.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. “Farm Lands for Sale. The Illinois Central Railroad Company Is Now Prepared to Sell over Two Millions of Acres of Prairie Farm Lands, in Tracts of 40 Acres or Upward, on Long Credit and at Low Rates of Interest! ... Chicago Democratic Press Print.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/rbpe.01703300/.

Farnham, Eliza Wood. Life in Prairie Land. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1847.

Farnham, Jerusha Loomis, Samuel Holyoke, and Earnest Elmo Calkins. Log City Days: Two Narratives on the Settlement of Galesburg, Illinois. Galesburg, IL: Knox College Centenary Publications, 1937.

Founders Online, National Archives. “From Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Hawkins, 18 February 1803.” University of Virginia Press. Accessed May 27, 2021. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-39-02-0456.

Founders Online, National Archives. “From Thomas Jefferson to Sir John Sinclair, 30 June 1803.” University of Virginia Press. Accessed May 27, 2021. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-40-02-0486.

Gale, George Washington. A Brief History of Knox College, Situated in Galesburgh [Sic], Knox County, Illinois: With Sketches of the First Settlement of the Town. Cincinnati, OH: C. Clark, 1845. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/5629833.html.

———. Knox Circular and Plan. Galesburg, IL, 1843. https://www.knox.edu/about-knox/our-history/circular-and-plan.

Giddings, Joshua Reed. The Exiles of Florida: Or, The Crimes Committed by Our Government Against the Maroons, Who Fled from South Carolina and Other Slave States, Seeking Protection Under Spanish Laws. Columbus, OH: Follett, Foster and Co., 1858.

Galesburg & Great Eastern Locomotive #2. n.d. Photograph.  Local History Series--Railroads--G&GE. Early Documents and Images, Special Collections and Archives, Henry M. Seymour Library, Knox College, Galesburg Illinois. Accessed May 27, 2021. https://collections.carli.illinois.edu/digital/collection/knx_rail/id/164.

Haines, James. “Social Life and Scenes in the Early Settlement of Central Illinois.” Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society 10 (1906): 35–57.

Jefferson, Thomas. Notes on the State of Virginia. Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina Library, 1788. https://docsouth.unc.edu/southlit/jefferson/jefferson.html.

Kappler, Charles J. Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. 7 vols. United States Department of the Interior, 1904.

Knox Manual Labor College. Catalogue of the Corporation, Officers and Students of Knox Manual Labor College for the Year Ending July 5, 1842. Peoria, IL: S.H. Davis, 1842.

Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division, The New York Public Library. “Liberty Line. New Arrangement --- Night and Day.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47dd-f68e-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.

Madison, James. Letters and Other Writings of James Madison: Fourth President of the United States. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1865.

Matson, Nehemiah. French and Indians of Illinois River. Second Edition. Princeton, IL: Republican Job Printing Establishment, 1874.

———. Pioneers of Illinois: Containing a Series of Sketches Relating to Events That Occurred Previous to 1813; Also Narratives of Many Thrilling Incidents Connected with the Early Settlement of the West, Drawn from History, Tradition and Personal Reminiscences. Chicago: Knight & Leonard, 1882.

Oliver, William. Eight Months in Illinois: With Information to Immigrants. Chicago: Walter M. Hill, 1924.

Ritchie, A.H, Beriah Green, 1860. Photograph. Massachusetts Historical Society. Accessed May 27, 2021. http://www.masshist.org/database/1139.

Smith, Sam B. et al, eds. The Papers of Andrew Jackson. 11 vols. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1980.

Thwaites, Reuben G. “Letter-Book of Thomas Forsyth, 1814-1818.” Collections of the Historical Society of Wisconsin 11 (1888): 316–55.

Turner, George. Traits of Indian Character; as Generally Applicable to the Aborigines of North America. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Key & Biddle, 1836.

U.S. Government. Treaty between the United States of America and the Senecas, Mixed Senecas and Shawnees, Quapaws, Confederated Peorias, Kaskaskias, Weas, and Piankeshaws, Ottowas of Blanchard’s Fork and Roche de Bœef, and Certain Wyandottes. Washington, D.C., 1868. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101078161591.

Young, Richard. “Military Bounty Lands.” Western Monthly Magazine 5 (1836): 334–45.

Published Primary Sources: Newspapers

Cherokee Phoenix, February 28, 1828, Vol. 1, No. 1. Georgia Historic Newspapers. https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn83020866/.

The Liberator, December 10, 1831. Digital Commonwealth. https://ark.digitalcommonwealth.org/ark:/50959/mc87rn53x.

Primary Sources: Material Culture

Chest of drawers said to have been made in Green Bay, ca. 1825. Digital Public Library of America. Accessed April 20, 2021. http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/wda/id/2919 

Copper kettle. 1800-1900. Digital Public Library of America. Accessed May 15, 2021. http://content.mpl.org/cdm/ref/collection/MHS/id/155 

Copper pan. 1800-1900. Digital Public Library of America. Accessed May 15, 2021. http://content.mpl.org/cdm/ref/collection/MHS/id/110  

Dutch oven. 1800-1850. The Henry Ford Museum. Accessed May 10, 2021. https://www.thehenryford.org/collections-and-research/digital-collections/artifact/262722.

Earthenware jug, Whitewater, 1845-1867. Wisconsin Decorative Arts Database. Accessed April 18, 2021.http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/wda/id/1277 

Flax spinning wheel. 18th century. National Museum of American History. Accessed April 25, 2021. https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_640675 

Hinged box. 1800-1900. Milwaukee Public Library. Accessed April 20, 2021. http://content.mpl.org/cdm/ref/collection/MHS/id/4

Ladle. 1800-1900. Milwaukee Public Library. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://content.mpl.org/cdm/ref/collection/MHS/id/106

Shoes. 1800-1900. Milwaukee Public Library. Accessed April 18, 2021. http://content.mpl.org/cdm/ref/collection/MHS/id/141

Trade Silver Earbobs. Not Earlier than 1750 - not later than 1837. Minnesota Historical Society Collections. Accessed May 28. 2021. http://collections.mnhs.org/cms/display?irn=10333658

Two hand-carved wooden ladles collected in Stoughton, probably mid-nineteenth century. 1840-1880. Wisconsin Decorative Arts Database. Accessed April 21, 2021. http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/wda/id/2382

Washboard. 1800-1900. Milwaukee Public Library. Accessed May 15, 2021. http://content.mpl.org/cdm/ref/collection/MHS/id/118

Primary Sources: Maps

Atlas Map of Knox County, Illinois. Davenport, IA: Andreas, Lyter & Co., 1870. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiuc.3125003.

Digital Collections at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library. “Atlas of Historic Tribes in Illinois: 1673-1832.” Accessed May 27, 2021. https://digital.library.illinois.edu/items/bd13a630-0d92-0135-23f6-0050569601ca-2.

Barker, W. “N.W. Territory.” 1801. 1:8,750,000. William L. Clements Library Image Bank, Clements Library, University of Michigan. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/w/wcl1ic/x-1001/wcl001095.

Carey, H.C., and I. Lea. “Geographical, Historical, And Statistical Map Of Illinois.” 1822. 1: 2,154,240. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection. http://www.davidrumsey.com/maps5194.html.

Finley, Anthony. “Illinois.” 1: 2,200,000. Philadelphia, 1831. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection. https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/s/37b12t.

Hinton, Isaac Taylor. “Map of the States of Missouri and Illinois.” 1: 2,200,000. London, 1832. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection. http://www.davidrumsey.com/maps1110362-27032.html.

Tennessee Virtual Archive. “Major General Andrew Jackson’s Official Report (with Map) to Tennessee Governor Willie Blount Following the 1814 Battle of Horseshoe Bend,” 1814. https://cdm15138.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15138coll33/id/252.

“Map of Galesburg.” 1836. Special Collections and Archives, Henry M. Seymour Library, Knox College, Galesburg, IL.

“Map of the Bounty Lands in Illinois Territory.” 1818. Map Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. https://digital.library.illinois.edu/items/a27a4770-994e-0134-2096-0050569601ca-e.

Melish, John. “Map of Illinois : Constructed from the Surveys in the General Land Office and Other Documents.” 1818. Map Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. https://digital.library.illinois.edu/items/926193d0-82d4-0134-1f08-0050569601ca-2.

———. “Map of Illinoise [Sic].” 1818. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/resource/g4100.ct000892/.

Mitchell, Samuel Augustus. “Map of the States Of Ohio, Indiana & Illinois And Part Of Michigan Territory Compiled from the Latest Authorities.” 1: 2,060,000. Philadelphia, 1831. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection. https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/s/821v30.

Siebert, Wilbur Henry. “‘Underground’ Routes to Canada.” 1898. Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division, The New York Public Library. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/d64f0a80-4db6-0133-78eb-00505686d14e.

Strong, Ezra Baldwin. “The States of Ohio, Indiana & Illinois and Michigan Territory : From the Latest Authorities.” New York, 1836. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/resource/g4070.fi000004/.

Tanner, Henry Schenck. “Illinois and Missouri : Improved to 1825.” 1:1,110,000. Philadelphia, 1825. Map Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. https://digital.library.illinois.edu/items/a1a85450-994e-0134-2096-0050569601ca-8.

War Department, Office of the Chief of Engineers. “View of the Encampment and Battleground on the 4th of November, 1791.” U.S. National Archives Catalog, 1791. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/137929898.

Young, William Mark. “The Old Northwest Territory Preceding and Following the Ordinance of 1787.” Chicago, 1936. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection. https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/s/je30y9.

Primary Sources: Artwork

Barincou, J. Tenskwatawa “The Prophet.” 1835. Lithograph, 46.1 x 28.7cm. NPG.2001.92. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2001.92.

Bohrod, Aaron. “Breaking the Prairie, Log City 1837”, Galesburg Post Office. 1938. Mural. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galesburg,_Il_Post_Office_Mural,_Breaking_the_Prairie-Log_City-1837_by_Aaron_Bohrod_(RS).JPG.

Camp-Meeting. circa 1832. Lithograph, 31.75 x 46.99 cm. DL.60.2961. Harry T. Peters “America on Stone” Lithography Collection, National Museum of American History. 

https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_325242.

Catlin, George. Kee-o-Kúk, The Watchful Fox, Chief of the Tribe. 1835. Oil on canvas, 73.7 x 60.9 cm. 1985.66.1. Smithsonian American Art Museum. http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/vk73ab9218f-a1e5-497d-8807-46a955cd28ea.

———. Múk-a-Tah-Mish-o-Káh-Kaik, Black Hawk, Prominent Sac Chief. 1832. Oil on canvas, 73.7 x 60.9 cm. 1985.66.2. Smithsonian American Art Museum. http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/vk7193e09b6-c7e0-419a-a1d6-32d351914e10.

———. Na-Pów-Sa, Bear Traveling at Night, a Chief. 1830. Oil on canvas, 73.7 x 60.9 cm. 1985.66.238. Smithsonian American Art Museum. http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/vk7fbe89a0e-60e7-449e-b5b3-fb0edf593e0b.

———. Pah-Mee-Ców-Ee-Tah, Man Who Tracks, a Chief. 1830. Oil on canvas, 73.7 x 60.9 cm. 1985.66.251. Smithsonian American Art Museum. http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/vk795834cbb-ab7a-49f9-bdf1-6a2c3357b701.

———. Shee-Náh-Wee. 1830. Oil on canvas, 73.7 x 60.9 cm. 1985.66.245. Smithsonian American Art Museum. http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/vk772739e1d-9e4f-4fef-858a-ce9dce6fabf7.

Chapin, John Reuben, and W. Ridgway. Interview between Gen. Jackson & Weatherford. Circa 1859. Print. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/item/2012645372/.

Chumash people. Basket Tray. circa 1780. Juncus rush, 10.5 x 41.5 cm. 23/7050. National Museum of the American Indian. http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws636e1cdd1-379f-4bb3-ae02-50cdc3893fe1.

Drawing of Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794. n.d. Sketch. Allen County Public Library Digital Collections. http://contentdm.acpl.lib.in.us/digital/collection/coll6/id/5992.

Eastman, Seth. Gathering Wild Rice. 1849-1855. Watercolor, 15.88 × 22.23 cm. 2014.31.27. Minneapolis Institute of Art. https://collections.artsmia.org/art/36169/gathering-wild-rice-seth-eastman.

———. Hunting the Buffalo in Winter. 1850. Print. Nicollet County Historical Society. https://collection.mndigital.org/catalog/nico:1612.

———. Mendota from Fort Snelling. 1848. Painting, 64.8 x 90.1 cm. AV2004.88. Minnesota Historical Society. http://collections.mnhs.org/cms/display?irn=10419293.

Forestier, Amédée. The Signing of the Treaty of Ghent, Christmas Eve, 1814. 1922. Oil on canvas, 71.4 x 102.0 cm. 1922.5.2. Smithsonian American Art Museum. https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/signing-treaty-ghent-christmas-eve-1814-8473.

Franca, Manuel Joachim de. Solomon White Roberts. 1835. Oil on canvas, 76.7 × 63.8 cm. NPG.92.101. National Portrait Gallery Collection. http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm495b843b9-66cc-4cc8-87fc-7dabb6c4ebce.

Hoffy, Alfred M. Ma-Ka-Tai-Me-She-Kia-Kiah [i.e. Ma-Ka-Tai-Me-She-Kia-Kiak], or Black Hawk, a Saukie Brave. 1838. Lithograph, 33 x 23 cm. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e1-1ac8-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.

King Andrew the First. 1833. Lithograph, 31.7 x 21.4 cm. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661753/.

Lawrence Taliaferro. circa 1830. Painting, 138 x 122.5cm. AV1988.45.365. Minnesota Historical Society. http://collections.mnhs.org/cms/display?irn=10186404.

Lewis, Henry. Battle of Bad Axe. 1857. Lithograph. https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.13890649.

Lewis, James Otto. RICHARDVILLE; The Head Chief of the Miami Tribe of the Indians. 1835. Lithograph, 45.7 x 29.2 cm. 1973.167.42. Smithsonian American Art Museum. https://www.si.edu/object/richardville-head-chief-miami-tribe-indians-aboriginal-portfolio:saam_1973.167.42.

———. View of the Great Treaty Held at Prairie Du Chien. 1825. Lithograph, 44.5 x 29.2 cm. Wisconsin Historical Society Archives. https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM3142.

Nullification….Despotism. 1833. Lithograph. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/8f4ae1d3-b464-3973-e040-e00a180607fe.

Staples, Owen. Portrait of Tecumtha (c. 1808). 1915. Print, 215 x 176 mm. JRR 3358 Cab. Toronto Reference Library. https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-JRR3358&R=DC-JRR3358.

Stuart, Gilbert. James Madison. circa 1821. Oil on wood, 65.3 x 54.3 cm. 1979.4.2. National Gallery of Art. https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.56914.html.

Tecumseh. 1817. Print, 11 x 8.9 cm. NPG.79.124. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.79.124.

Treaty with the Creeks. 1847. Print, 10 x 11 cm. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-f712-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.

Winter, George. Ash-Kum. n.d. George Winter Collection. Tippecanoe County Historical Association. https://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/digital/collection/gwinter/id/1001/rec/77.

———. Logansport Indiana, July 8, 1837 (Couple on White Horse; Second Man Leading Gray Horse). 1837. Watercolor, 12 x 18 cm. George Winter Collection. Tippecanoe County Historical Association. https://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/digital/collection/gwinter/id/945.